27th March at 2 pm to 4 pm
Sakari Jokiranta kept this lecture. What i thought first was: disgusting! I hoped that he would not have many pictures. He did, and they were disgusting. Anyway at end of lecture i was filled with compassion for those people with parasites.
Most parasites that cause problems for human are zoonoses, which means they can live in animals and humans. Parasites can be category for tissue, blood and intestinal parasites. Parasites are most common in Africa and Asia. All parasites won't cause morality but cause immune suppression and malnutrition, some doesn't cause any problems at all. They can also carry HI-virus. Time from contact to symptoms takes 1 hour to 28 days.
Parasites:
Protozoas = alkueläimet
Helminths = loismadot
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 57 hours 40 minutes
torstai 29. maaliskuuta 2012
Listening lecture: Fetal malnutrition
22th March at 2pm to 4pm
Katja Korhonen spoked today about fetal malnutrition. Malnutrition doesn't mean just undernutrition, but also overnutrition, also quantity and quality of food.
It is very very important to take care maternal nutrition, because it will partly determine how healthy or sick you are an adult. All trimesters are important but first trimester malnutrition has biggest causes. It can even cause miscarriage.
This was very interesting lecture and Katja Korhonen spoked very good english so it was easy to listen.
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 55 hours 40 minutes
Katja Korhonen spoked today about fetal malnutrition. Malnutrition doesn't mean just undernutrition, but also overnutrition, also quantity and quality of food.
It is very very important to take care maternal nutrition, because it will partly determine how healthy or sick you are an adult. All trimesters are important but first trimester malnutrition has biggest causes. It can even cause miscarriage.
This was very interesting lecture and Katja Korhonen spoked very good english so it was easy to listen.
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 55 hours 40 minutes
Listening lecture: Challenges in global food production
20th March at 2pm to 4 pm
First we watch a video and i wrote points up:
Main causes for malnutrition are
1. Insufficient grain reserves = riittämättömät vilja varastot
2. Fluctuating energy prices = energian hinnan vaihtelut
- this effects transport in food production
3. Population trends = väestön kehitys
-18 million new people every year more to feed
4. Rapid economic growth
5. Speculators = keinottelijat
6. Extreme weather = äärimmäiset sääolosuhteet
How to help pour people in developing countries to have enough food
1. Increase investment = lisätä investointeja
- to grain reserves and agriculture
2. Protect natural resources = suojella luonnon varoja
3. Boost research and development = edistää tutkimusta ja kehitystä
- better seeds and tools
Food production should increase by 70% by 2050 to meet the increasing demand for food. Milk, eggs and meat production won't be solution. It takes a lot more energy and land to produce animal products than vegetables and grain. 30-50% of food is wasted, half in developing countries and half on developed countries. In developing countries because inadequate management and storage. In developed countries mostly during processing, retailing or household. Wasted food is an environmental stress in addition it increases demand for food.
If we would stop wasting food only 4% growth in agricultural land is needed by 2050. More water is also needed and again produce animal products takes many times more water than produce grain.
Climate change will be a huge problem for agriculture in 2050.
Here is something i learned.
Time: 1 hour 50 minutes
Time in total: 53 hours 40 minutes
First we watch a video and i wrote points up:
Main causes for malnutrition are
1. Insufficient grain reserves = riittämättömät vilja varastot
2. Fluctuating energy prices = energian hinnan vaihtelut
- this effects transport in food production
3. Population trends = väestön kehitys
-18 million new people every year more to feed
4. Rapid economic growth
5. Speculators = keinottelijat
6. Extreme weather = äärimmäiset sääolosuhteet
How to help pour people in developing countries to have enough food
1. Increase investment = lisätä investointeja
- to grain reserves and agriculture
2. Protect natural resources = suojella luonnon varoja
3. Boost research and development = edistää tutkimusta ja kehitystä
- better seeds and tools
Food production should increase by 70% by 2050 to meet the increasing demand for food. Milk, eggs and meat production won't be solution. It takes a lot more energy and land to produce animal products than vegetables and grain. 30-50% of food is wasted, half in developing countries and half on developed countries. In developing countries because inadequate management and storage. In developed countries mostly during processing, retailing or household. Wasted food is an environmental stress in addition it increases demand for food.
If we would stop wasting food only 4% growth in agricultural land is needed by 2050. More water is also needed and again produce animal products takes many times more water than produce grain.
Climate change will be a huge problem for agriculture in 2050.
Here is something i learned.
Time: 1 hour 50 minutes
Time in total: 53 hours 40 minutes
keskiviikko 21. maaliskuuta 2012
Reading academic articles
19, 20 and 21 March
I have read now tree days several academic articles in english for my bachelor term paper. I have progress a lot. At same time I wrote up words that where new for me and find them with google dictionary. I have read articles for 14 hour in tree day. I will take 7 hours here.
I put here some of them (I lost that paper i wrote them):
suppression = tukahduttaminen
dendritic cell = dendriitti solu (puolustusjärjestelmän soluja)
migration = liikehdintä
infiltration = tunkeutuminen
cytoprotection = solua suojaava
elusive = saavuttamaton
Time: 7 hours
Time in total: 51 hours 30 minutes
I have read now tree days several academic articles in english for my bachelor term paper. I have progress a lot. At same time I wrote up words that where new for me and find them with google dictionary. I have read articles for 14 hour in tree day. I will take 7 hours here.
I put here some of them (I lost that paper i wrote them):
suppression = tukahduttaminen
dendritic cell = dendriitti solu (puolustusjärjestelmän soluja)
migration = liikehdintä
infiltration = tunkeutuminen
cytoprotection = solua suojaava
elusive = saavuttamaton
Time: 7 hours
Time in total: 51 hours 30 minutes
maanantai 19. maaliskuuta 2012
Writing an essay
I am having laboratory course Genetecnology, which material is in english. I need to write an essay also and it was okay to write it also in english so i did to get practice and hours in here. Here is my essay:
Time: 4 hours
Time in total: 46 hours 30 minutes
LacZ gene and Lac promotor- genetecnology´s little helper
β-galactosidase
LacZ gene is E.coli´s gene for LacZ protein; β-galactosidase, also called beta-gal or β-gal, lactase is sub class of β-galactosidase. It is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes sertain hydrolyzes of disaccharides into monosaccharides. β-galactosigase hydrolyzes β-glycosidic bond formed a galactose molecules in lactose, lactosylceramides, ganglioside GM1 and many glycoproteins.
Lactose (beta-D-Lactose) is formed from galactose and glucose and hydolyzed by β-galactosidase.
Lac operon
LacZ gene is part of lac operon, that is formed from promotor, operator, LacZ, LacY, LacA and terminator. LacY encodes β-galactoside permease, a membrane protein that pumps lactose into the cell. Lac A encodes β-galactoside transacetylase, an enzyme that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to β-galactosides. Only lacZ and lacY seems to be necessary for lactose catabolism. Lac operon is activated with presens of Catabolite activator protein (CAP) and halts in presens of lac repressor. Lac repressor is secreted in absense of lactose and CAP is secreted in absence of glucose. That is when it is reasonable to produse energy from lactose. This dual control mechanism is known as diauxie.
LacZ as a reporter gene
In gene tecnology and molecular biology reproter gene is a gene that can be attach to a regulatory sequense of another gene of intrest. Reporter genes are used to detect cells that includes gene of intrest.
In bacteria a common reporter gene is lacZ gene. Cells are growth on a medium that contains the substrate analog that can be detected.
Lactose analogs
There are many lactose analogs that are useful for work with the lac operon. Usually they are substituted galactosides, wherw the glucose moiety of lactose is replased by another chemical group. Most common are isopropyl-β-D-thio-galactoside (IPTG), X-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside) phenyl-β-D-galactose (phenyl-Gal) and ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside (ONPG).
IPTG creates a chemical bond with the sulfur (S), which can´t be hydrolyzated. IPTG binds to the lac repressor and inactivates it. This will trigger transcription of lac operon. IPTG is used in vivo studies, because it doesn´t metabolized by E.coli it´s consentration is constant.
X-gal is consisting of galactose linked to a substituted indole. When β-galactosidase cleaves bond between them and when free indole is oxidized it will turn blue. X-gal it self is colorless.
ONPG is consisting of galactose linked to a substituted ortho-nitrophenol. Free ortho-nitrophenol has a yellow color. ONPG it self is colorless.
Blue white screening
Blue white screening is tecnique that is used to detection of successful ligantions in vector-based gene cloning. When competent cells are growth with X-gal, if bacterial colony will turn white ligantion is succeed, if it turns blue it is´n. This is baced on alpha-complementation. LacZ gene whitch is split in two LacZα and LacZΩ part and only together they make functional enzyme. If plasmid is cleaved between them and insert is attached, then LacZ gene can´t produce β-galactosidase.
References:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-galactoside
Time: 4 hours
Time in total: 46 hours 30 minutes
Watching movie and discussing about it
18th March at 7pm to 10.30 pm
We watched movie: Love actually with my husband. He had doubts about that it would been too romantic, but it was good and funny movie. It was easy british english and easy to follow. Discussion about it was also easy and relax. Movie was 135 minutes and we discussed about it for little less than 30 minutes. It would be 2 hours and 45 minutes but i but 15 minutes lesser here.
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Time in total: 42 hours 30 minutes
We watched movie: Love actually with my husband. He had doubts about that it would been too romantic, but it was good and funny movie. It was easy british english and easy to follow. Discussion about it was also easy and relax. Movie was 135 minutes and we discussed about it for little less than 30 minutes. It would be 2 hours and 45 minutes but i but 15 minutes lesser here.
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Time in total: 42 hours 30 minutes
Listening lecture: Food habits in Africa and Asia - main concerns for child nutrition
15th of March 14pm to 16pm
Heli Kuusipalo kept lecture about undernutrition in Afganistan and Malawi. I learned about standard to estimate nutrition in developing countries focusing on mother and children under five year old. Most important is to develop schools to produce seeds, seedlings and saplings, and also teach to children about nutrition and it´s impacts so that they can offer better life for their children.
New words:
seedling = taimi, siementaimi
sapling = taimi, nuori puu
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 39 hours
Heli Kuusipalo kept lecture about undernutrition in Afganistan and Malawi. I learned about standard to estimate nutrition in developing countries focusing on mother and children under five year old. Most important is to develop schools to produce seeds, seedlings and saplings, and also teach to children about nutrition and it´s impacts so that they can offer better life for their children.
New words:
seedling = taimi, siementaimi
sapling = taimi, nuori puu
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 39 hours
Listening lecture: World nutrition situation, conceptual framework of malnutrition, definitions, the Millennium Development Goals
13th of March at 14pm to 16pm
Today I attend to first lecture from course Nutritional problems in low income countries. I take this course just to study English and listen it. It is not necessary for me but it seemed interesting.
Professor Marja Mutanen spoked about nutritional problems most in India and Africa. There was also background article: Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences (Lancet 2008; 371: 243-60), witch I read.
I think main point where that it is important to get all vitamins and minerals, with protein, so that human can develop normally. It doesn´t help enough if we send just some of them, because body needs all of them. Undernutrition has short-term consequences; like mortality and disability but also long-term consequences like intellectual ability, economic productivity, reproductive performance and increased risk to have metabolic or cardiovascular disease.
New words for me:
reproductive = lisääntymis-
inadequate = riittämätön
poverty = köyhyys
dwelling = asunto
assets = omaisuus
remittances = rahalähetykset
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 37 hours
Today I attend to first lecture from course Nutritional problems in low income countries. I take this course just to study English and listen it. It is not necessary for me but it seemed interesting.
Professor Marja Mutanen spoked about nutritional problems most in India and Africa. There was also background article: Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences (Lancet 2008; 371: 243-60), witch I read.
I think main point where that it is important to get all vitamins and minerals, with protein, so that human can develop normally. It doesn´t help enough if we send just some of them, because body needs all of them. Undernutrition has short-term consequences; like mortality and disability but also long-term consequences like intellectual ability, economic productivity, reproductive performance and increased risk to have metabolic or cardiovascular disease.
New words for me:
reproductive = lisääntymis-
inadequate = riittämätön
poverty = köyhyys
dwelling = asunto
assets = omaisuus
remittances = rahalähetykset
Time: 2 hours
Time in total: 37 hours
tiistai 13. maaliskuuta 2012
Second ALMS private meeting with Leena Koskinen
12th March at 2 pm
We met with Leena Koskinen, an english teacher. We discussed about my developing with this course. Everything seems to progressed fine.
Time: 20 minutes
Time in total: 35 hours
We met with Leena Koskinen, an english teacher. We discussed about my developing with this course. Everything seems to progressed fine.
Time: 20 minutes
Time in total: 35 hours
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